Question 7.7. A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight seated next to a passenger who has been...

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Question 7.7. A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight seated next to a passenger who has been sneezing and coughing, and the man has been inhaling viral particles periodically. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the stimulation of the man's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system? (Points : 3)

      [removed] Presentation of a foreign antigen by a familiar immunoglobulin
      [removed] Recognition of a foreign MHC molecule
      [removed] Recognition of a foreign peptide bound to a self MHC molecule
      [removed] Cytokine stimulation of a T lymphocyte with macrophage or dendritic cell mediation

 

Question 8.8. A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's inquiry? (Points : 3)

      [removed] “Stem cells can help correct autoimmune diseases and some congenital defects.”
      [removed] “Stem cells can be used to regenerate damaged organs should the need ever arise.”
      [removed] “Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system.”
      [removed] “Stem cells can help treat some cancers and anemias, but they must come from your child himself or herself.”


 

Question 9.9. A 40-year-old woman who experiences severe seasonal allergies has been referred by her family physician to an allergist for weekly allergy injections. The woman is confused as to why repeated exposure to substances that set off her allergies would ultimately benefit her. Which of the following phenomena best captures the rationale for allergy desensitization therapy? (Points : 3)

      [removed] Repeated exposure to offending allergens binds the basophils and mast cells that mediate the allergic response.
      [removed] Exposure to allergens in large, regular quantities overwhelms the IgE antibodies that mediate the allergic response.
      [removed] Repeated exposure stimulates adrenal production of epinephrine, mitigating the allergic response.
      [removed] Injections of allergens simulate production of IgG, which blocks antigens from combining with IgE.

 

Question 10.10. The blood work of a 44-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of liver disease secondary to alcohol abuse indicates low levels of albumin. Which of the following phenomena would a clinician be most justified in anticipating? (Points : 3)

      [removed] Impaired immune function
      [removed] Acid-base imbalances
      [removed] Impaired thermoregulation
      [removed] Fluid imbalances

 

Question 11.11. A tourist presented to a primary care health clinic complaining of malaise, fever, and headache. She has subsequently been diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a pathology caused by Rickettsiaceae. Which of the followed statements best captures a characteristic trait of Rickettsiaceae? (Points : 3)

      [removed] They are eukaryotic.
      [removed] They have both RNA and DNA.
      [removed] They have a distinct spiral-shaped morphology.

      [removed] They are neither gram-negative nor gram-positive.

 

Question 12.12. A nurse practitioner is providing prenatal care and education for a first-time expectant mother, 22 weeks' gestation, who has a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following statements by the expectant mother demonstrates an adequate understanding of vertical disease transmission and congenital infections? (Points : 3)

      [removed] “Gonorrhea and chlamydia pose the greatest risks of transmission from mother to child.”
      [removed] “I know that my baby will need observation for HIV signs and symptoms in the weeks following my delivery.”
      [removed] “My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself.”
      [removed] “Prophylactic immunization will reduce my baby's chance of being born with an illness.”

 

Question 13.13. A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following facts revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner to rule out infectious mononucleosis? (Points : 3)

      [removed] The girl has a temperature of 38.1°C (100.6°F) and has enlarged lymph nodes.
      [removed] Her liver and spleen are both enlarged.
      [removed] Blood work reveals an increased white blood cell count.
      [removed] Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower lung fields bilaterally.

 

 

Question 14.14. A 44-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with abnormal bleeding and abdominal pain that is later attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the following diagnoses would the medical team be most justified in suspecting as a cause of the patient's bleeding? (Points : 3)

      [removed] Calcium deficiency
      [removed] Vitamin K deficiency
      [removed] Hemophilia B
      [removed] Idiopathic ITP

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